高考语法填空备考策略与技巧语法填空题选材必须注意:所选句子的语言形式要正确,原汁原味,所选句子的意思要清晰明了,句子的语法结构功能能完美地服务于句子的语义。简而言之,高考语法填空题的命题必然要紧扣这一要求。 A. saw 【答案为D项。从句子表面看,句子的前半句是过去时,然而空格却要填过去完成时,这就要从句子的语意上去分析,此句中的wondering实际上是一种心理活动,表示“好像在哪儿见过她”,从这儿分析这个行为应该是在wondering之前发生的。】 20) - Is there anything wrong, Bob? You look sad. - Oh, nothing much. In fact, I ______ of my friends back home. 【答案为B项。从对话看,句子都是现在时,很多考生在解答这道题时,会习惯地选择A项,然而空格却要填过去进行时,与上面那道题一样,要从句子的语意去分析,回话中in fact, 实际上是回答问话这与其说话时自己所呈现的思维状态,也就是他在回话钱的行为状态,故应用过去进行时。】 21) In the dark street, there wasn't a single person ________ she could turn for help. A. that 【答案为D项。解答这道题首先要弄清楚句中的短语“turn to somebody for help”搭配,这句又是定语从句,但短语被认为割裂开之后,介词to与关系代词whom搭配在一块,根据语法规则与介词连用的关系代词必须用宾格形式。所以正确答案是to whom。】 22) Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _______ they can be controlled on purpose. A. With which 【答案为B项。这道题与上面那道题的思路是一致的,短语be controlled to,也是被割裂开,与关系代词连用。这儿指的是“控制到….程度”,故只有to which符合题意。】 试题命制时,为使语言生动,自然、简洁,所以常常采用这种省略形式。解答这类题,首先要求考生弄懂句意,再根据所学语法知识将句子还原或补全,有助于考生快速地掌握句子的意思。不过这类现象多为同源主语的省略。 23) ________ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. A. Compare 【答案为D项。本题考查when之后非谓语动词用法。对when用法的判断是解题关键。when(或其它词,如:while, since,once等)引导状语从句时,若从句主语和主句主语相同,且从句谓语部分含有be时,可把从句主语和be同时省略。本题干中在when后省略了it is。即when it is compared with the size of the whole earth...】 24) The research is so designed that once ______ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins 【答案为D项。本题once之后省略了it is, 显然, 此处应用被动语态。】 25) We all know that, __________, the situation will grow worse. 【答案为B项。if后接的省略句,其实它的完整结构是if it is not carefully dealt with。显然,选项的内容省略了it is, 而剩余部分就是正确答案。】 有些语法填空题的句子结构较复杂,迷惑性大,稍有疏忽,必定会受到干扰项的干扰,这时就需要耐心和细心地分析句子,弄清结构,再对照选项进行甄别选出正确选项。 26) You can’t imagine what difficulty we had ________ home in the snowstorm. A. walked 【答案为D项。Imagine后面的宾语从句是what引导的感叹句,其正常语序为:We had difficulty ________ home in the snowstorm. 其实这句就是考查have difficulty/trouble (in) doing something句型结构。】 应试技巧五:语境背景要弄清,细心分析究根源 有些语法填空题常常在语境中考查考生对语言结构和语言知识的考查,这类题型是近年来常考题。这就要求考生要针对语境做细致的分析,以语境为切入点对测试题进行思考,分析,甄别和抉择。 27) —Bill, if it doesn’t rain, we can go straight on and spend more time in Vienna. A. Well done! 【答案为C。That’s great!意思是“太好了!太棒了!”。根据对话材料,我们I just want to her Mozart, 可以断定出说话者本人自己想去听莫扎特的音乐会,当听到对方说可能要去维也纳时,心中不禁大喜。Well done!的意思是“干得好!”problem意思是“没问题。”That’s it. 表示为“做得对!就是这样!”】 28) -Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace? -Sorry, I am not sure. But it _____ be. 【答案为A。根据答语中的I am not sure, 就是一个重要的信息,表明说话者把握不大。根据语法规则,但没什么把握是或不确定时,一般用情态动词may或might。】 完形填空属“综合能力应用”题型,是高考的必考题型。完形填空在高考试卷中是拉开考生得分的一道关键题型。该题型为20个空,分数为30分,分数权重占卷面20%,因此掌握完形填空解题技巧对考生而言尤为重要。 命题特点:非等距离挖空的命题方式是完形填空的最大特色。短文首句不挖空,以便为考生理解全文留下足够信息,命题者根据考查目的进行挖空,造成信息链中断,这就要求考生依据上下文的文意捕捉到空白处的缺词。从近几年高考完形填空题看,纯语法知识几乎不考,主要考查考生灵活运用所学词汇的能力,尤其是以考查实词或信息词为主,着重考查考生对文章的内在逻辑和整体把握能力。因此,把握句间和段落之间的内在逻辑关系,通过上下文暗示,对篇章、段落或句意的整体把握;再则,干扰项的设置与语法结构无甚关系,重在文意干扰。因此,把握文意和具体语境,通过对词义的辨析,是解完形填空的最好手段。 解题技巧:巧解完形填空题,考生必须进行通篇考虑,掌握大意,综合所学词法、句法和常识进行分析判断。为帮助考生能更好地解答完形填空题,在这里介绍几种解题技巧。 1)In particular, there was (and perhaps still is) a belief in fairies. Not all of these __21__ are the friendly, people-loving characters that appear in Disney films, and in some folk-tales they are __22__ and cause much human suffering. 【21. C项,同义原词的复现;22. B项,异形近义词的复现】 2)On August 26, 1999, New York City was struck by a terrible rainstorm. The rain caused the streets to __36__ and the subway system almost came to a stop. 36. A. break 【36. B项,异形近义词的复现】 3)Garth’s email was short, but I learned more from that __52__ message than I ever did from a textbook. 4) When it was 5:00pm, I was ready to go home. I was about to turn off my computer __49__ I received an email from Garth, my Director. 5) “I have been a soloist for over ten years. __53__ the doctor thought I was totally deaf, it didn’t __54__ that my passion couldn’t be realized. 6) These tell the story of a mother whose baby grows __23__ and pale and has changed so much that is almost __24__ to the parents. 23. A. sick 24. A. uncomfortable 【23. A项。根据后面pale一词可推断出sick与pale, 以及后面的changed so much相吻合,符合常理,而slim, short和small与pale没什么逻辑上的联系,故不予考虑;24. D项。由前半句和下文句子的意思可以知晓“孩子身体虚弱面色苍白,病得厉害整个外貌变得非常厉害,连父母都认不出来了”,而其他三项与句子的语境信息在逻辑上没什么相关性。】 7) … Still others faced the storm bravely, walking miles to get to work. I __40__ to be one of people on the way to work that morning. I went from subway line to subway line only to find that most __41__ had stopped. After making my way through crowds of people, I finally found a subway line that was __43__.... 40. A. used 41. A. practice … 43. A. operating 【40. D项。从前面一句话和本句中one of people可知,作者当天上午碰巧也是去上班的人之一;41. D项。从上下文可知,由于风暴大部分地铁线路停运,所以唯有service符合题意;43. A项。从上下文的语境中我们可知道作者最后找到有一条地铁线还在营业,operating本身含有“营业的”意思,相当于be on service。】 8) After the birth of my second child, I got a job at a restaurant. Having worked with an experienced __36__ for a few days, I was __37__ to wait tables on my own. All went __38__ that first week. 36. A. manager 37. A. promised 38. A. well 【36. D项。根据下文“I was allowed to wait tables on my own”可以判断,作者是和有经验的女侍者一起工作了几天;37. C项。从上下文可知,几天后作者被允许单独做餐饮招待服务了;38. A项。有下文可以判断出,她的第一周工作非常顺手,没出意外。】 |
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