unit 1 friendship
period 2 a sample lesson plan for learning about language
(direct & indirect speech<ⅰ> statements & questions)
introduction
in this period students will be helped by the teacher first to discover useful words and expressions, and then to discover and use useful structures: direct & indirect speech (ⅰ) statements & questions.
objectives
一、to help students understand and use direct and indirect speech in statements and questions
二、to help students learn to use some useful words and expressions
procedures
1. warming up by reading aloud
reading and reading aloud are the two very important things to do while learning english. so, to begin with, you are to read the text on page 2 aloud to the tape. let’s see who read aloud with the best pronunciation and intonation.
2. discovering words and expressions
turn to page 4 and do exercises 1, 2 and 3. then make a check on your answers.
3. learning about grammar
⑴direct speech
in direct speech, the original speaker's exact words are given and are indicated by quotation marks.
★ “i don’t know what to do,” said dean.
in some grammar books, ‘said dean’ is referred to as a reporting clause. “i don't know what to do,” is referred to as the reported clause.
⑵indirect speech
in indirect speech, the exact meaning of the speaker’s words is given, but the exact words are not directly quoted.
★ dean said that he didn’t know what to do.
to convert direct speech into indirect speech:
if the main verb is past tense, present tense verbs in ‘that clause’ must also be changed to past tense.
dean said that he didn’t know what to do.
first and second person pronouns must be changed to third person pronouns.
dean said that he didn’t know what to do.
(the word ‘that’ can often be left out: dean said he didn’t know what to do.)
⑶indirect questions
the same rules apply to indirect questions as to indirect statements. the
