section 2 notes to difficult sentences from unit 4 earthquake
一、but the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night. 但是城里的百万群众，没有理会这些事件，那天夜里还和以往一样，安然入睡了。
句中who引导的“非限制性定语从句”。
非限制性定语从句只是对主句内容，或先行词的补充、解释或附加说明。主句与先行词或从句之间一般用逗号分开，常常单独翻译。没有它，主句意思仍然完整。
引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有as，which，who， whom，whose等，作定语从句的主语、宾语、表语及定语。
关系副词有when，where等，作定语从句的状语。
关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中一般不能省。
2. it seemed as if the world was at an end! 似乎世界的末日到来了。
句子中的as if引导的是表语从句。
表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。
可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。
as if 引导表语从句不可省略。
另外，常用的还有the reason is that… 和it is because 等结构。例如：
1) the question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.
2) this is why we can’t get the support of the people.
3) but the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.
4) the reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.
3. all hope was not lost. 并非所有的希望都失去了。
这是典型的“部分否定”句。
在英语里有一些用来表示“全体”或“完全”意义的总括词，如all, every (及everybody, everything等)，both, always, quite, wholly, entirely, altogether, completely等，凡含有这些词的否定句并非表示全部否定。如：
1. not all the ants go out for the food. 并非所有的蚂蚁都出外觅食。
2. money is not everything. 金钱并非万能。
从上面例子中可以看出部分否定有下列两种形式：
一、 直接把否定词not 放在被否定词之前。如：
