词汇辨析之形容词和副词辨析
知识要点
高考英语词汇辨析一般在于同义词、近义词的词义和用法辨析、反义词之间的意义差别、词组(短语)的用法异同点以及一些习惯用法和固定搭配等。常见的有形容词与副词辨析、名词及其用法辨析、动词及其短语辨析、代词及其用法辨析、介词和连词等用法辨析。
疑难突破
1. 高中阶段易混形容词和副词辨析
1)易混形容词和副词难点:
(1)在具体语境中形容词和副词语义的辨析
①同源副词wide,widely;close, closely ;high,highly等,这两种副词形式不同,含义也略有差别,但是当它们被翻译成汉语时用词也很接近。所以使用时很容易混淆,所以在具体语境中要注意辨别。这类词含义及用法上的主要特点是:不带-ly的副词表示具体的行为和动作,说明的动作或状况有可测 量性和可见性;而 以-ly结尾的同源副词所表达的常常是抽象性的行为和状况。试作如下比较:
a.do you see that butterfly flying high above the street?
你是否看见那只蝴蝶在街道上方高高飞舞着?
the distinguished guests were highly praised.贵宾们受到了高度赞扬。
b.he flung the door wide open.他猛地把门开得大大的。
we were widely different on many questions.我们在许多问题上分歧很 大。
c..she stood close against the wall.她紧挨着墙站着。
the police were watching him closely.警察在密切监视他。
②-ed形容词与-ing形容词的区别。前者ed形式的形容词都是指人的心理活动;后者ing形式的形容词都是指事物的特征。如: interested“感兴趣的”;interesting “有趣的”;surprised“感到惊奇的”;surprising “令人惊奇的”;大家在具体的语境中要注意区别词意。例句:
the story is very interesting.这故事很有趣。tom is interested in the story.汤姆对这故事很感兴趣。
the news is surprising.这消息是令人惊奇的。i’m surprised at the news.我对此消息感到很惊奇。
(2)so 和such 的用法。主要从其习惯搭配构成的句型结构上辨析:
①常用结构:so … that …(如此…,以至于…); 与such … that …(如此…,以至于…)的区别。
so + 形容词 / 副词 + that … 如:
he spoke so fast that we couldn‘t understand him. 他说得太快,我们都未能听懂他的话。
this book is so interesting that i have read it three times. 这本书如此有趣,我已经看了三遍。
so + 形容词 + a(n)+ 单数可数名词 + that …如:
it was so hot a day that nobody wanted to do anything. 天气很热,谁都不想干活。
so + many / much / little / few + 名词 + that …如:
there were so many people that we could hardly move on. 这么多人,我们简直无法继续往前走。
such + a(n)+ 形容词+单数可数名词 + that …如:
she is such a pretty girl that everyone likes her. 她是个很可爱的小姑娘,大家都喜欢她。
such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that …
it is such sweet milk that we all want to drink it. 这么香的牛奶,我们都想喝。
such + 形容词 + 复数名词 + that …