基本信息
英语基础知识 句子成分的讲解
目标
要求
1、了解句子的基本成分:主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语;
2、了解和运用五种基本句型:s v (主+谓)、s v p (主+系+表)、s v o (主+谓+宾)、s v o o (主+谓+间宾+直宾)、s v o c (主+谓+宾+宾补);
3、了解和熟练运用几种类型的英语句子:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句 、简单句、并列句和复合句。
一、 句子成分
知识要点
句子成分,即句子的组成成分。 在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语,而英语的基本成分则有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。
疑难突破
1. 主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。例如:
he likes dancing. (代词)
the sun rises in the east. (名词)
twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)
seeing is believing. (动名词)
to see is to believe. (不定式)
what he needs is a book. (主语从句)
it is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
(it形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)
2. 谓语(predicate):说明主语的动作、状态和特征。例如:
you study english.
she is asleep.
3. 表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。例如:
he is a teacher. (名词)
seventy-four! you don’t look it. (代词)
five and five is ten. (数词)
he is asleep. (形容词)
his father is in. (副词)
the picture is on the wall. (介词短语)
my watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词)
to wear a flower is to say “i’m poor, i can’t buy a ring. ” (