必修三 module 4-6（教师）
语法十五：定语从句（attributive clause）
一、概述
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词，用作定语的从句叫做定语从句(attributive clause)。被定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词(antecedent)。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词who、whom、whose、which、that和关系副词when、where、why等。
finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
最后，那个小偷向警察交出他偷的所有的东西。（引导词是关系代词that）
his parents wouldn't let him marry anyone whose family was poor.
他父母不让他和家庭困难的人结婚。（引导词是关系代词whose）
in 1519 another traveler who went to america from europe discovered the tomato.
1519年另一位从欧洲去美洲的旅行家发现了西红柿。（引导词是关系代词who）
i still remember the day when i first came to beijing.
我仍然记得第一次去
北京的那一天。（引导词是关系副词when）
this is the house where we lived last year.
这就是我们去年住的房子。（引导词是关系副词where）
二、关系代词和关系副词的功能
关系代词和关系副词用来引导定语从句，关系代词可作主语、宾语、；关系副词可作状语。
1、作主语
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数应与先行词一致。
all that is needed is a supply of oil.所需要的是大量的油。
the foreigner who visited our class yesterday is from canada.昨天到我班来访的外国人来自加拿大。
they planted the trees which didn't need much water. 他们种植了需水不多的树木。
2、作宾语
在定语从句里作宾语的关系代词在口语中常被省去
the fish (which) we bought was not fresh. 我们买的鱼不新鲜。
the person (whom) you just talked to is mr. li. 刚才你与其交谈的人是李先生。
