基本信息
grammar
倒装
在英语中，为了句子结构的需要或强调某一句子成分，往往采用倒装语序。倒装一般有两种：将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，即完全倒装；将谓语的一部分（通常是助动词、系动词或情态动词）移至主语之前，即部分倒装。
一、使用全部倒装的情况：
★here, there或 out, in, up, down, away等副词位于句首且主语为名词时。如：
here comes the manager you want to see.
in came the english teacher who was tall and thin.
注意：如果主语是人称代词时，主语和谓语的语序不变。如：
away she went.
here you are.
★当表示地点的介词短语位于句首且主语为名词时。如：
in front of the playground stands a newly-built house.
★某些表示祝愿的句子。如：
long live world peace!
二、使用部分倒装的情况：
★含有否定意义的副词或连词如hardly, never, not, little, seldom, not only, no longer, no sooner, not until等位于句首时，句子部分倒装。如：
never before have i read an article that is so full of lies.
no sooner had they gotten married than they started to argue.
注意：
1. not only ... but also连接两个并列分句时，如果not only位于句首，则前一分句倒装，后一分句仍然用正常语序。如：
not only was the city seriously polluted, but also the streets were crowded.
2. not until引导状语从句位于句首时，主句倒装，从句不倒装。如：
not until her son came back did she go to bed last night.
★only 所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时，句子部分倒装。如：
only then did i know that i was wrong.
注意：
1. 当only修饰主语并位于句首时，句子不倒装，如：
only a few people have been informed of the changes to the plan.
2. only引导状语从句位于句首时，主句倒装，从句不倒装。如：
only when the war was over in 1945 was he able to come back home.
★表示对前者的陈述也适用于后者，用so或neither / nor分别表示肯定和否定意义时，句子部分倒装。如： li lei likes sports. so do i.
mary can’t ride. neither / nor can lucy.
★so ... that ... 句型中的“so +形容词/副词”置于句首时，主句部分倒装，如：
so fast did he run that i couldn’t follow him.
★虚拟条件从句中的连词if被省略时，句子部分倒装。如：
had you come earlier, you would have caught the bus.
should it rain hard this weekend, we would have to call off the game.
★某些表示祝愿的句子。如：
may you succeed in the coming examination.
