1．(2011•郑州一中高三二模)the spanish football team won the south africa world cup on july 13th，________it the 8th country to have won the world cup. a. made b. making c. to make d. to have made 解析 考查动词的用法。making引导的现在分词短语作结果状语，起补充说明的作用。答案 b 2. the research is so designed that once________nothing can be done to change it. a. begins b. having begun c. beginning d. begun 解析 由于 the research 与 begin 是被动关系，故用过去分词 begun。once begun 可视为 once it is begun 之省略。 答案 d 3. though ________money, his parents managed to send him to university. a. lacked b. lacking of c. lacking d. lacked in 解析 由于 his parents 与 lack money(缺钱)是主动关系，故用现在分词，又因为 lack 是及物动词，故后接宾语无需用介词，故选 c。 答案 c 4. tony was very unhappy for________to the party. a. having not been invited
