period five：grammar and usage
teaching aims:
students will be able to review the usage of transitive and intransitive verbs;
students will be able to read brief explanations of the grammar items and draw conclusions;
students will be able to learn how to use them in different situations and by fulfilling some written tasks;
students will be able to know how to accumulate their knowledge of the language every day and try to use what has been learnt as often as possible.
teaching procedures:
step 1 lead in
what’s the biggest difference between transitive and intransitive verbs?
an american, philo farnsworth, made important breakthroughs in the development of the tv in the late 1920s and early 1930s.
times sure have changed!
transitive verbs are verbs that take an object. intransitive verbs do not take an object.
step 2 discovering more
read through p8 and try to find out more differences between them.
1. an american, philo farnsworth, made important breakthroughs in the development of the tv in the late 1920s and early 1930s.
2. it was not until the early 1950s that most tape recorders began using plastic tape as they do today.
3. who can foresee what the future will bring?
the object can be a noun, a pronoun, an infinitive, a verb-ing or an object clause.
transitive verbs and intransitive verbs
动词的种类
动词的种类比较复杂，大致可以根据其在句子中的功用分为及物动词与不及物动词，连系动词介乎二者之间。
及物动词和不及物动词(transitive and intransitive verbs)
1. 及物动词要求有直接宾语。如：john ford himself opened the door to me.
2. 不及物动词则不需要宾语。如：the car stopped.
3. 及物动词可以有一个或两个（直接和间接）宾语或复合宾语。如：mist clothed the hills. they gave him the
first injection.
4. 只有及物动词可用于被动语态。如：the meeting will be held in the town hall.
5. 许多动词既可用作及物动词，又可用作不及物动词。如：he turned his horse’s head and rode away.
tom turned towards maggie.
6. 有些不及物动词有时可用作及物动词。如：he walked the horse to and fro.
7. 有些不及物动词用作及物动词时可后接同源宾语。如：morell dreamed an extraordinary dream last night.
8. 有些动词形式相似，但一为及物动词，一为不及物动词，有lay与lie，raise与rise，set与sit等。如：
they’ve raised a statue in memory of robert burns. the kite rises in the sky.
9. 有些及物动词常用作不及物动词以表示被动意义，这时主语往往是物而不是人。
如the books sold out in a week.
连系动词(linking verbs)
